دانش نامه علوم سیاسی
پیاپی 5 (زمستان 1400)

The countries of the South Caucasus gained independence after the collapse of the Soviet Union. The existence of territorial disputes between Azerbaijan and Armenia led to fierce disputes. The Nagorno-Karabakh crisis is one of the major international issues in the post-Cold War era, which has become a chronic crisis in the international system. The Nagorno-Karabakh conflict on Iran's northern borders is both a direct and an indirect threat to Iran's national security and has social, economic and even political implications for Iran. The purpose of this study is to express the effects of the Qarabagh crisis on the security of the Islamic Republic of Iran. So the question is, what effects does the Nagorno-Karabakh crisis have on Iran's security? In response to this question, the hypothesis is that the Nagorno-Karabakh crisis could have an impact on Iran's economic security, social security, military security and political security.

Recent sanction have limited Iran’s foreign trade. So achieving high and sustainable growth of economy is very important, if the country’s decision – making system does not succeed in realistic nationalist discourse of post – sanction, the economy of post – sanction can be place in a situation that is worse than sanction period so answer to this question is important that the economy of Iran what status can be find in the post – sanction period? And what parts of post – sanction will be solvable. This research by the aim of studying Iran’s foreign trade conditions in post – sanction, outlines a series of problems and opportunities in post – sanction, such as lack of existed capacity in global economy degraded energy market, weakness of domestic demand, large unofficial sections. In this study, for gathering information documentary and written references were used. In explaining the perspective of Iran’s foreign trade, it should be said that by cutting off sanctions, the global environment for trade with Iran will be more attractive and so there will be more and more resources available, for purchase, another is that exports will definitely boom. Therefore government by its targeted support, must take national production to fix challenges.

Europe is affected by developments and crises due to its proximity to the insecure region of the Middle East. Hence, it can be said that the emergence of the international terrorist group ISIS caused the issue of terrorism not only to be limited to West Asia, but also to directly and indirectly confront Europe with various destabilizing threats. This descriptive-analytical compilation study seeks to answer the question of how the emergence of terrorism has affected European countries and what have been the consequences? The findings show that, first, the terrorist acts of the group's members on European soil have posed security threats, and second, that the influx of Middle Eastern refugees into Europe has provoked a wave of reactions in Europe. Meanwhile, the European far right has used the issue of immigration for election campaigns and slogans, and has been widely welcomed.

Iran and India are two countries that have had relations ever since the inception of their respective civilizations. Their relationship is both defined in cultural similarities and by their geopolitical proximity. In recent decades, the relationship has been cultivated to form ties marked by their willingness to go beyond their cultural affinity and to work together out of mutual geoeconomic necessity for oil. Since the signing of the trilateral agreement between Iran, India and Afghanistan to develop Chabahar, Iran and India have made strides to further relations in various areas such as working together to develop Chabahar and the North-South Transport Corridor (NSTC) in addition to helping to stabilize Afghanistan. Even though their relations seem to be strong, these bilateral ties are affected by obstacles and factors such as the tumultuous relationship of the United States (the US) and Israel with Iran and India's rivalry with China and Pakistan. The purpose of this thesis is to examine the effect of Chabahar on future Indo-Iranian relations and how external factors such as Afghanistan, Pakistan, China, Gwadar Port, the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC), the One Belt, One Road (OBOR) initiative, the US and Israel affect the relationship and to determine what the opportunities and challenges are that both Iran and India face and how the relationship can affect their foreign policies, regional and extra-regional stability, integration as well as regional convergence and divergence by using foreign policy analysis (FPA) and critical geopolitics methods as tools of analysis.

The Nagorno-Karabakh conflict is one of the long-standing crises in the South Caucasus region, which over time has become international and regional in nature. This conflict has become a major problem from 1988 to 2020 and has led to a conflict between Armenia and the Republic of Azerbaijan. However, despite the efforts of the two countries and the international community and the regions to resolve this conflict peacefully remained fruitless, so the fate of this crisis with the conflict between the Republic of Azerbaijan and Armenia on September 27, 2020 and after six weeks of military conflict. In Karabakh, a peace agreement was finally signed with Russia. The main question of the research is what was the situation of the wars between Azerbaijan and Armenia before the 2020 peace? For this answer, the article will examine the course of these wars from 1918 to 2020. The findings show that the situation of this crisis is mainly in the conditions of neither war nor peace, and the recent agreement of 2020 is also in the conditions of frozen peace.